‎In this paper‎, ‎we offer a new generalization of the neat ring that is called a w-neat ring‎. ‎A ring $ R $ is said to be weakly clean if every $ r\in R $ can be written as $ r=u+e $ or $ r=u-e $ where $ u\in‎$ U$(R) $ and $ e\in‎$ I‎‏d$‎(R) $‎. ‎We define a w-neat ring to be one for which every proper homomorphic image is weakly clean‎.‎We obtain some properties of w-neat rings‎.

Let $R$ be a ring with an endomorphism $\alpha$‎. ‎A ring $R$ is a skew power series McCoy ring if whenever any non-zero power series $f(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}a_ix^i,g(x)=\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}b_jx^j\in R[[x;\alpha]]$ satisfy $f(x)g(x)=0$‎, ‎then there exists a non-zero element $c\in R$ such that $a_ic=0$‎, ‎for all $i=0,1,\ldots$‎. ‎We investigate relations between the skew power series ring and the standard ring-theoretic properties‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we obtain some characterizations for skew power series ring $R[[x;\alpha]]$‎, ‎to be McCoy‎, ‎zip‎, ‎strongly \textit{AB} and has Property (A)‎.

We developed polyurethane foams (PU) filled with eucalyptus charcoal residue (ECR) (5, 10, 20, and 30% by wt) for diesel sorption from seawater. The PU foams were characterized by FTIR, FT-Raman, SEM, density, TGA, contact angle, diesel S500 and S10 sorption, and recyclability. The ECR addition altered PU chemical structure, inducing new chemical bonds and probably altering cross-linking ability of the foams, as indicated by FTIR. FT-Raman spectra of PU-ECR foams showed shifts associated with filler dispersion and interaction with the matrix,besides, its addition decreased the foam pore size and density. The ECR addition did not significantly change the thermal behavior of PU foam and increased hydrophilicity in low ECR content and hydrophobicity in high ECR content samples. Experimental results showed adequate oil sorption capacity, and the optimal amount was 30% (by wt) ECR, which enhanced the diesel sorption from 4. 1 and 5. 9 g. g−, 1 to 9. 6 and 8. 8 g. g−, 1 for diesel S500 and S10, respectively. The Langmuir sorption isotherm was the best-fitting model to describe oil sorption. Reusability of the PU , + , 30% ECR was examined through 34 and 39 cycles for diesel S500 and S10, and about 50% of the initial sorption capacity remained at the end. The results indicated the success of developing a sustainable material and demonstrating feasibility in practical applications of PU-ECR foam for spilled oil removal from seawater or treatment of oily effluents.

Five species of Puccinia and two of Uromyces making 7 rust-host combinations are reported from Iran. Puccinia leveillei on Geranium sylvaticum, P. libanotidis on Libanotis transcaucasica, P. podospermi on Scorzonera laciniata and Uromyces scrophulariae on Scrophularia umbrosa are reported as new to the flora of Iran. For other three species viz. P. campanulae and P. gaubae on Campanula spp. and U. bupleuri on Bupleurum exaltatum, new morphological features, new hosts and new localities are also reported.

This project was carried out to increase shelf life of kilka and prevent color changes during cold storage. Edible film made by sodium alginate (0.5% concentration) was used for fish packaging at time zero. The covered samples were kept at -18oC. Examinations were carried out for a period of six months. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered samples. Total bacterial counts and Acetaphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the treated samples (2.93 and 1.4610g cfu/g, respectively) compared with the control specimens (3.21 and 2.2810g cfu/g, respectively). Chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash and calorie were higher in the treated samples (73.34%, 18.96%, 4.62%, 2.88% and 134. 63% kcal/kg, respectively) compared with the control samples (59.43%, 18.04%, 4.03%, 2.87% and 108.43% kcal/kg, respectively) and fresh fish samples (73.93%, 18.91%, 4.59%, 2.87% and 117.28% kcal/kg, respectively). Free fatty acids (0.77 and 9.21g/100), thiobarbitoric acid (0.001 and 0.15mg/kg), peroxide value (0.06 and 3.75meq/kg oil), TVN (6.92 and 16.28mg/100g) and pH (6.34 and 6.91) were lower in the treated samples compared with the control samples. However, no statistically significant decreases were observed in chemical factors including moisture, peroxide value, TVN and pH in the covered samples compared with the control samples during cold storage (P>0.05). According to the statistical analyses of sensory specifications including taste, odor, color, tissue and total acceptance, there was a significant difference between the covered samples and the control ones (P<0.05). Using the results of bacterial, chemical and sensory tests and statistical analyses, the covered samples had a favorable quality until the end of storage period. Also, based on the results of sensory analyses and moisture test, the control samples had a favorable quality for a period of three months.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $Z(R)$ be the set of its zero-divisors . The annihilator graph of $R$ , denoted by $AG(R)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $Z(R)^*$ , the set of all nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ , and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if ${\rm ann}_R(xy)\neq {\rm ann}_R(x)\cup {\rm ann}_R(y)$ . In this paper , perfectness of the annihilator graph for some classes of rings is investigated . More precisely , we show that if $R$ is an Artinian ring , then $AG(R)$ is perfect .

One of the most important parameters in pharmacy is drug solubility. Solubility affects the efficacy of a drug. Drug solubility has an important role in determining the concentration of a drug to achieve the necessary pharmacological response, as all drugs absorbed by the body must be in the form of a solution. Drug solubility is quite a common issue and affects the bioavailability of a drug in the body. Drugs with low solubility are poorly absorbed, resulting in poor bioavailability. Many methods have been developed for increasing the solubility of a drug. In this review, we will describe possible efforts for improving the solubility of a drug, e. g., reducing particle size, surfactants, the use of nanosuspension technology, solid dispersion, salt formation, pH adjustment, hydrotropy, cocrystal, amorphous compound formation, and inclusion complexes. The main objective of this review was to focus on efforts that can increase the solubility of a drug to obtain good drug efficacy.